Why did Sudan Lose a small war in Southern Sudan?

ABSTRACT

When on the wrong end of an asymmetry in the projection of hard power, weaker sides countenance the grim arithmetic of avoiding direct and massed confrontations. Invariably, insurgents have over the ages tended to employ indirect tactical methods to render their stronger opponents ineffective. Ultimately – interest asymmetry, regime type, asymmetries of strategy, and external intervention – combine in a complex interplay and pattern, to militate against a strong side. In Sudan, these factors interacted throughout the civil wars to produce regional autonomy and finally an independent South Sudan in 2011. Similar strategic logic had confronted many large African states battling insurgencies in Ethiopia, Angola, Nigeria, Zaire, and apartheid-era South Africa. Oftentimes, weakening public resolve has caused these governments to accommodate, capitulate or withdraw even if they try not to blink. Notwithstanding the regime type, it can be concluded that the majority of strong actors are prone to fail in a protracted, asymmetric conflict. Hence, the notion of linking victory in counterinsurgency to the degree of openness (democratic polyarchies); or closeness (totalitarianism) – is still valid but highly contestable in the case of Africa’s large dysfunctional states.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

ADAMS的某自行火炮自动开闩及抽筒过程动力学分析

在某型自行火炮炮身的研究中,利用Pro/E和ADAMS软件建立了炮身虚拟样机模型,完成了后坐复进和自动开闩以及抽筒的动作仿真.通过动力学分析获得了全装药射击条件下的仿真结果,与试验实测结果进行比较,证明所建虚拟样机是可信的,并重点对自动开闩以及抽筒过程的动力学特性进行了研究,为疲劳寿命以及可靠性分析研究提供了有力的支持.     

中制导虚拟目标的定位参数研究

基于虚拟目标的优化导引中制导拦截弹道轨迹及其能耗与虚拟目标的位置紧密相关,决定该位置的参数包括中末制导交班距离和视场基准角等.首先研究了弹道特性随定位参数的变化规律并提出通过滚转实现视场基准角的负取值,在此基础上得出满足多约束条件的虚拟目标定位参数的设置方法.利用该方法所产生的虚拟目标与相应的优化导引律结合,可以很好地满足中制导的要求.     

形象记忆在数学学习中的应用

根据高中数学知识特点及学习方法,在数学概念、公式、定理等的教学中利用形象记忆,有助于学生正确理解基本概念,掌握公式和定理,并且可以培养学生的学习兴趣,提高数学学习的能力。在数学教学中利用形象记忆,也要注意使用方法和范围。     

刍议抛锚式教学策略在教育学课程教学中的应用

抛锚式教学把学生设于真实的情境中,让学生达到认知冲突,让学生自己去分析问题、学习解决该问题所需的知识,逐步地解决问题。作为教师职前教育的一门重要的基础课程教育学,其教学效果一直不尽如人意。而抛锚式教学法为教育学的教学模式改啦提供了一种新的思路。     

基于PXI总线的虚拟校准设备研究

基于PXI总线技术,对某型导弹内场测试仪的校准设备进行了集成化、小型化研究,依靠计算机强大的计算储存显示等功能,实现了设备操作界面的虚拟化及智能化．最后,对在LabVIEW平台上开发的测量校准软件进行了实验验证,达到了界面友好、操作简单、测量精度高、工作效率高等要求．     

基于WSR方法论的军事环境安全策略研究

为了克服新形势下军事发展面临的一系列环境安全问题,不断加强军事环境管理工作,拓展并解析了军事环境安全的概念,建立了基于WSR方法论的军事环境安全三维分析模型.结合模型的“物理”、“事理”、“人理”分析,提出了一套相互关联的军事环境安全策略,为进一步深入研究并制定军事环境安全战略规划提供了重要参考.     

Market entry strategy in the presence of market spillovers and efficiency differentiation

Firms form various alliances or use brand extensions to enter new markets in order to improve their operational efficiency and create a positive spillover. However, they do not always know the implications of these strategies for market entry and multimarket competition because the sale of products in one market can have negative spillover effects on product sales in other markets. We present an analytical framework to examine whether and how (i.e., by choosing alliance entry or independent entry) competing firms should enter a market in a situation where market spillovers occur when a firm enters a spillover-producing market to sell products that may increase or decrease the consumers' willingness to pay for products in the primary market. Our analysis shows that the operational efficiency (or quality differentiation ability) of firms in a spillover-producing market varies, and hence, the impact of market spillovers differs for firms. We identify the key factors, such as bargaining power, brand value difference in the primary market, and the extent of efficiencies and spillovers, that determine the firms benefitting from the different entry strategies. Specifically, we show that firms would be more willing to choose an alliance strategy to enter a spillover-producing market if the negative spillover is small and alliance efficiency is high. In contrast, if an alliance entry is not favored, the firms' relative operational efficiency is crucial for them to decide whether to enter the market independently under moderate spillover conditions. Finally, we show the implications of market entry strategies for managers.     

高性能微处理器TLB的优化设计

虚拟存储是现代微处理器系统必不可少的存储模式。在虚存模式下,虚拟地址到物理地址的变换是流水线中最频繁的核心服务,容易处于决定处理器时钟周期的关键路径上。为加快虚存的访问,现代高性能微处理器实现了一种硬件地址映射结构:转换后援缓冲器(简称TLB);在分析TLB传统的地址映射机制的基础上,提出了基于虚区域和Cache块标记的预验证技术,结果表明该技术优化了TLB的设计,避免了TLB访问时延成为访存的瓶颈。